The black-and-white monkey has a long, bushy white tail and white cheek hair. Long limbs, tiny head, and four fingers on the front of the hands. In lowland woods, she has short, thin hair, whereas in the mountains, she has longer, thicker hair. Kingdon (p. 26)
Except for humans, other great apes, and bushbabies, the primates in Africa are all cercopithecoid monkeys. The cercopithecoid monkeys are classified as colobids (“thumbless monkeys”) and “cheek-pouch monkeys,” a more diversified family. Monkeys separated from giant apes approximately 20 and 10 million years ago.
The capacity to digest plant portions (stems, unripe fruits, and leaves) that apes could not swallow allowed colobids to utilize thick forest (being largely restricted to shoots and ripe fruits). Cheek-pouch monkeys have evolved to eat in open regions, since they can swiftly gather vast amounts of food and store it in their cheek pouches to be sorted later.
Baboons are one such example. Male cheek-pouch monkeys fight vigorously for available food sources and are more apparent in open places, making them more sexually dimorphic. p. 17 (Kingdon)
Food: The adaption of the hands indicates that they evolved to be entirely arboreal and vegetarian at a young age. They have changed their hands into curved ‘hooks’ for swinging, and because they lack a thumb, they cannot catch living prey and must instead take plants directly into their mouths. Because the pied colobus is more developed than the red colobus, it can survive on lower-quality foliage. This provides them with an advantage. (Page 18 of Kingdon)
The digestion of colobus monkeys has evolved similarly to that of ruminants. They can store up to a third of their total weight in their stomachs, which is subsequently digested during extended periods of sleeping and relaxing in the middle of the day.
Bacterial fermentation aids digestion in ruminants and other herbivores. p. 19 (Kingdon)
They have a two-chambered stomach, with fermentation taking place in one and acid digestion taking place in the other. The fermenting process also detoxifies otherwise harmful leaves, seeds, and fruit. As a result, they may feed with less competition from other primates. Estés (p. 520)
Newborns have completely white skin and pink faces. Estes (page 523)
Vocal:\s(Estes, p.527) (Estes, p.527)
Roaring is said to be released solely by dominant males, especially early in the morning. It’s a deep, resonant croaking sound with a rolling “r” that may be heard for miles. They may continue to call in this manner for up to 20 minutes. It can be used to either advertise the male’s presence or to indicate a threat.
Snorting: An explosive sound made by everyone except babies to show fear. For dominant males, this is sometimes a precursor to roaring.
Snuffling is the sound of a pig rooting. Females and children will make this sound during the intra-troop conflicts, such as a female pushing away a nursing newborn or violent encounters between females and males.
Squealing: This is a distress signal emitted by adult females and young.
